Evidence of residual ferroelectric contribution in antiferroelectric lead-zirconate thin films by first-order reversal curves

In this study, two different methods have been used in order to characterize lead-zirconate antiferroelectric thin film elaborated by a modified sol-gel process: First-Order Reversal Curves (FORC) measurements and impedance spectroscopy coupled hyperbolic law analysis. Approaches at low high applied electric fields allow concluding on the presence of weak residual ferroelectric behavior even if contribution is not visible polarization-electric field loops. Moreover, phase seems switch only when cells no coalescence domains occurs due well distribution small clusters material. The main goal paper show that FORC analysis are very sensitive complementary methods.